Former graduate student shoots 11 during an exam review session; two students killed
AI-generated · every claim is source-linkedOn December 13, 2025, during finals week, a former Brown University physics PhD student opened fire in the Barus and Holley Building, shooting 11 people (killing two students and wounding nine others) in first-floor Room 166, where a 21-year-old teaching assistant was leading an optional economics final-exam review session. Brown issued an active shooter alert at 4:22 PM EST, and the campus was placed on full lockdown. The gunman fled and was found dead of a self-inflicted gunshot wound in Salem, New Hampshire on December 18, 2025, after a five-day manhunt.
- Alerts
- 22
- Response
- —
- Killed
- 2
- Injured
- 9
Alert Sequence
22 messages in sequence · 22 verified verbatim
Confirmed wording is transcribed character-for-character from a primary source. Use Verify this quote under each message to open that source in a new tab and compare the text yourself.
How the first alert is built
To check this alert, Claude (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.
1st, Urgent: There's an active shooter near Barus & Holley Engineering. Lock doors, silence phones, and stay hidden until further notice. Remember: RUN, if you are in the affected location, evacuate safely if you can; HIDE, if evacuation is not possible, take cover; FIGHT, as a last resort, take action to protect yourself. Stay tuned for further safety information.
Sourceabsent0/25
Final assessment
Unanimous agreement that no sender, agency, or issuing authority is named anywhere in the text, only a generic '1st, Urgent' label.
Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.
See all 25 individual reads
- absent: No sender or authority identified beyond generic phrasing, no branded signature.
- absent: No sender or authority named in the message text.
- absent: No sender or agency identified in the text.
- absent: No sender or authority is named in the text.
- absent: No sender agency or branded signature identified in the text.
- absent: No sender or agency named issuing this alert.
- absent: No sender or authority named, no branded signature.
- absent: No sender or agency named in text.
- absent: No sender or agency identified in the text.
- absent: No sender or issuing authority identified in the message
- absent: No sender name or agency appears in the text.
- absent: No sender or agency identified beyond generic 'Urgent' label.
- absent: No sender or agency identified in the text itself.
- absent: No sender or agency identified in the text.
- absent: No sender or authority explicitly named in the text.
- absent: No sender or issuing authority is named in the text.
- absent: No sender or authority named in the text itself.
- absent: No sender or authority identified in text.
- absent: No sender or authority named.
- absent: No sender or issuing authority identified in text
- absent: No agency, university, or branded signature identifies who sent this message.
- absent: No sender or issuing authority named in text.
- absent: No sender or issuing authority identified in the text.
- absent: No sender name, agency, or branded signature appears, only '1st, Urgent'.
- absent: No issuing authority or branded alert signature named.
Hazardpresent25/25
Final assessment
Unanimous: 'active shooter' near Barus & Holley Engineering names the specific hazard.
What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.
See all 25 individual reads
- present: 'active shooter' named.
- present: 'active shooter' named specifically.
- present: 'active shooter' named specifically.
- present: Names an active shooter specifically.
- present: 'active shooter near Barus & Holley Engineering' names the hazard.
- present: 'active shooter near Barus & Holley Engineering' names hazard.
- present: 'active shooter' named explicitly.
- present: 'active shooter' named.
- present: Names active shooter.
- present: Names "active shooter" as the hazard
- present: Names active shooter as the specific hazard.
- present: Active shooter named explicitly.
- present: Names 'active shooter'.
- present: States 'active shooter'.
- present: Active shooter named as the threat.
- present: Names "an active shooter."
- present: 'active shooter near Barus & Holley Engineering'.
- present: 'active shooter' specifically named.
- present: 'active shooter' named.
- present: "active shooter" named
- present: Names 'active shooter' as the specific hazard.
- present: Names active shooter.
- present: 'active shooter' names the hazard.
- present: States 'an active shooter'.
- present: 'active shooter' named.
Locationpresent25/25
Final assessment
All reads agree 'Barus & Holley Engineering' is the named location.
Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.
See all 25 individual reads
- present: 'near Barus & Holley Engineering' named.
- present: 'near Barus & Holley Engineering' named.
- present: 'near Barus & Holley Engineering'.
- present: Barus & Holley Engineering specified.
- present: 'Barus & Holley Engineering' specified.
- present: 'near Barus & Holley Engineering'.
- present: 'near Barus & Holley Engineering'.
- present: 'near Barus & Holley Engineering.'
- present: Names Barus & Holley Engineering.
- present: Names Barus & Holley Engineering
- present: Names near Barus and Holley Engineering.
- present: Near Barus & Holley Engineering specified.
- present: Names Barus & Holley Engineering.
- present: Names 'Barus & Holley Engineering'.
- present: Barus & Holley Engineering specified.
- present: Names "Barus & Holley Engineering."
- present: 'Barus & Holley Engineering'.
- present: 'near Barus & Holley Engineering' named.
- present: 'near Barus & Holley Engineering'.
- present: "near Barus & Holley Engineering"
- present: Names 'Barus & Holley Engineering.'
- present: Near Barus & Holley Engineering specified.
- present: 'Barus & Holley Engineering' given.
- present: Names 'Barus & Holley Engineering'.
- present: 'near Barus & Holley Engineering' given.
Guidancepresent25/25
Final assessment
Unanimous: the message gives detailed protective instructions, lock doors, silence phones, stay hidden, and Run-Hide-Fight steps.
The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.
See all 25 individual reads
- present: 'Lock doors, silence phones, and stay hidden', RUN HIDE FIGHT instructions.
- present: 'Lock doors, silence phones, and stay hidden...RUN...HIDE...FIGHT.'
- present: 'Lock doors, silence phones, and stay hidden' plus RUN, HIDE, FIGHT instructions.
- present: Instructs to lock doors, silence phones, and Run, Hide, Fight.
- present: 'Lock doors, silence phones, and stay hidden', RUN HIDE FIGHT protocol.
- present: 'Lock doors, silence phones, and stay hidden... RUN...HIDE...FIGHT'.
- present: 'Lock doors, silence phones, and stay hidden... RUN...HIDE...FIGHT'.
- present: 'Lock doors, silence phones, and stay hidden...RUN...HIDE...FIGHT.'
- present: Instructs lock doors, silence phones, run/hide/fight.
- present: Instructs to lock doors, silence phones, run/hide/fight
- present: Instructs to lock doors, silence phones, and follow Run, Hide, Fight.
- present: Lock doors, silence phones, stay hidden, run hide fight instructions.
- present: Instructs lock doors, silence phones, stay hidden, run-hide-fight steps.
- present: Instructs 'Lock doors, silence phones, and stay hidden' plus RUN, HIDE, FIGHT steps.
- present: Instructs lock doors, silence phones, stay hidden, run-hide-fight steps.
- present: Instructs "Lock doors, silence phones, and stay hidden" plus Run-Hide-Fight steps.
- present: 'Lock doors, silence phones, and stay hidden' plus Run-Hide-Fight guidance.
- present: 'Lock doors, silence phones, and stay hidden' plus RUN/HIDE/FIGHT instructions.
- present: 'Lock doors, silence phones, and stay hidden... RUN... HIDE... FIGHT'.
- present: "Lock doors, silence phones, and stay hidden... RUN...HIDE...FIGHT"
- present: Instructs to lock doors, silence phones, hide, or run/hide/fight.
- present: Instructs to lock doors, silence phones, hide, and RUN HIDE FIGHT protocol.
- present: 'Lock doors, silence phones, and stay hidden' and RUN/HIDE/FIGHT instructions.
- present: Instructs 'Lock doors, silence phones, and stay hidden' and gives RUN/HIDE/FIGHT steps.
- present: 'Lock doors, silence phones, and stay hidden... RUN...HIDE...FIGHT.'
Timeabsent1/25
Final assessment
Unanimous: no clock time or date is given; '1st' is a sequence marker, not a time.
When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.
See all 25 individual reads
- absent: No clock time or date given.
- absent: No clock time or recency marker given.
- absent: No clock time or recency marker given, only sequence marker '1st, Urgent'.
- absent: No clock time or date given.
- absent: '1st, Urgent' does not convey a clock time or date.
- absent: No clock time given, '1st' is a sequence marker not time.
- absent: No clock time or date given, only 'until further notice'.
- absent: No clock time given; '1st' indicates sequence not time.
- absent: '1st' denotes sequence, not a clock time or date.
- absent: No clock time or date given
- present: Uses until further notice to convey duration.
- absent: No clock time or date given.
- absent: No clock time or date given.
- absent: No clock time or date given.
- absent: No specific time given.
- absent: No clock time or date given.
- absent: No clock time given, '1st' indicates sequence not time.
- absent: '1st, Urgent' doesn't give a clock time or date; no recency marker.
- absent: No clock time or date given.
- absent: No clock time or date given
- absent: No clock time or date given.
- absent: No clock time or date given.
- absent: No clock time or recency marker present, only 'until further notice'.
- absent: No clock time or date given.
- absent: No clock time or date given.
Impactabsent0/25
Final assessment
Unanimous: no consequence or severity is stated beyond naming the active shooter.
What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.
See all 25 individual reads
- absent: No stated consequence or severity beyond hazard name.
- absent: No stated consequence beyond the hazard name.
- absent: No stated consequence or severity described.
- absent: No stated consequence beyond naming the hazard.
- absent: No stated consequence or severity beyond hazard name.
- absent: No stated consequence beyond hazard name.
- absent: No stated consequence or severity beyond the hazard name.
- absent: No stated consequence beyond hazard name.
- absent: No stated consequence or severity.
- absent: No stated consequence beyond hazard name
- absent: No stated consequence or severity.
- absent: No stated consequence beyond hazard name.
- absent: No stated consequence or severity described beyond the hazard name.
- absent: No stated consequence or severity.
- absent: No stated harm or consequence beyond hazard name.
- absent: No stated consequence or severity.
- absent: No stated consequence beyond hazard description.
- absent: No stated consequence or severity.
- absent: No stated consequence.
- absent: No stated consequence beyond hazard name
- absent: No stated consequence beyond naming the hazard.
- absent: No stated consequence described.
- absent: No stated consequence or severity described beyond hazard name.
- absent: No stated consequence or severity.
- absent: No stated consequence beyond hazard name.
Systematic AI judgments with visible reasoning, not human-validated codings.
About this analysisBackground
Key Findings
Community Response
How the campus community received and interpreted the alert(s), in their own words.
BrownAlert's first active-shooter alert went out at 4:22 p.m. EST on December 13, 2025 (roughly 15 minutes after the first 911 call), and students said they had already learned of the danger from the anonymous Sidechat app first; many students and nearby Providence residents called the notification late, thin on information, or said they received "absolutely nothing" (Fox News).
“Just the fact that it took so long to respond to the emergency and told us to shelter in place … is really worrying.”
“It really blew my mind that there was no notification whatsoever”
Reactions to the alert, drawn from press coverage; follow each link to verify. Quotes are reproduced from reporting and not independently re-confirmed against the original source.
Sources
Every claim on this page is meant to be checkable. Open the links below (and the Verify this quote control under each confirmed alert) to read the original university, news, or archive page yourself. Hostnames are shown so you can see where you are going; archived copies survive when live pages move or disappear. See also our methodology.
- Social
- Source
- News
- News
- News
- Official
- News
- Social
- Social
- Social
- Social
- Social
- Social
- Social
- Social
- Official
- Official
- Official
- Official
- Official
- Official
- Official
- Official
- Official
- Official
- Official
- Official
- Official
Campus Alert Archive. "Brown University: Former graduate student shoots 11 during an exam review session; two students killed." Incident of December 13, 2025. Added May 2026; last updated July 2026. https://campusalertarchive.com/case/brown-university-shooting-2025-12-13/
Alert text quoted on this page remains the work of the issuing institution; the archive is a secondary source.