Student went missing on a fraternity trip; body recovered from a river two weeks later

To check this alert, Claude (an AI) read it in full 25 separate times, independently. Each read decided whether the message answers each of the six questions and gave a short reason. A final reviewer then weighed all 25 and wrote the plain-English verdict you see when you open a row. The score (for example 22/25) is how many reads agreed; the 25 individual reads are tucked underneath if you want to check them.

• Sourceabsent1/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous: this condolence message is unsigned, with no department, official, or branded alert name identifying who wrote it, aside from a lone dissenting read that pointed to the incidental mention of the MU Counseling Center.

  Who is sending the alert and who is responding. People act faster on a message from a clearly identifiable, credible sender, such as a named department, the police, or a branded alert system, than on an anonymous notice. A branded signature counts.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No specific sender name, title, or agency identifies who is writing this.
  2. absent: No specific department or official is identified as sending this message.
  3. absent: No specific authority or sender identified, signed generically
  4. absent: no identified issuing authority or institution name given as sender
  5. absent: No specific sender name or agency identified in this excerpt.
  6. absent: No specific sender/authority identified in text
  7. absent: No specific sender/authority named, an unsigned message
  8. absent: No specific authority or title is identified for the sender.
  9. present: References 'MU Counseling Center', identifying Mizzou (MU).
  10. absent: No sender or authority named.
  11. absent: No specific sender/authority identified in this excerpt.
  12. absent: No named individual, department, or branded alert signature identifies the sender.
  13. absent: No specific sender/authority identified, only 'I' unattributed.
  14. absent: No named sender/authority, just 'I write to you' unsigned in this excerpt.
  15. absent: No specific institutional office or authority identified as sender.
  16. absent: No specific issuing office named beyond first person 'I write to you'.
  17. absent: No specific issuing authority or agency named beyond implied university.
  18. absent: No specific authority or sender identified, generic 'I'
  19. absent: no specific sender identified, only 'I write to you'
  20. absent: No named sender or authority, appears to be a message but no signature/title given.
  21. absent: No sender name or issuing authority explicitly identified
  22. absent: no specific issuing office or authority named, signed generically
  23. absent: No specific sender/authority identified in text.
  24. absent: No specific authority or office identified as sender.
  25. absent: No named sender or title appears in the provided text.
• Hazardabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  All reads agree this is a mourning notice about a student's death, not a description of any ongoing or active hazard to the campus.

  What the threat actually is. A complete warning names the specific danger, such as a shooter, a fire, a tornado, or a gas leak, rather than a vague emergency, because people decide what to do based on what they are facing.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: This is a mourning message about a death, naming no ongoing threat or hazard.
  2. absent: This is a bereavement notice; no active hazard or threat is described.
  3. absent: No active threat, this reports the tragic end of a missing person search
  4. absent: no current hazard, this is a memorial message about a death
  5. absent: No ongoing threat named; describes a tragic outcome, not a hazard.
  6. absent: No active threat, this is a mourning notice about a recovered body
  7. absent: Describes death of a student, not an ongoing threat
  8. absent: No ongoing hazard is described, this is a message mourning a death.
  9. absent: A mourning message about a death, no hazard named.
  10. absent: No active threat, this reports a death, not a hazard.
  11. absent: No ongoing hazard, this is a death notification.
  12. absent: This is a mourning message about a recovered body, not an active threat.
  13. absent: No ongoing threat named; describes a death, not a hazard to the campus.
  14. absent: No ongoing hazard, describes a past tragic outcome, not a threat.
  15. absent: This describes a death, not an ongoing threat with a named hazard.
  16. absent: No ongoing threat, this is a mourning notice about a death.
  17. absent: No specific hazard, this reports a body recovery, not an active threat.
  18. absent: No active threat, describes recovery of a missing student's body
  19. absent: describes a death, not an ongoing threat
  20. absent: No ongoing threat; this reports a death, not a hazard.
  21. absent: No active threat named, this reports a death after a search
  22. absent: death notification, not a hazard alert
  23. absent: This is a mourning notice about a death, no ongoing threat named.
  24. absent: No active threat, this reports a death discovery, not a hazard to the community.
  25. absent: No ongoing threat; this is a condolence message about a death.
• Locationpresent19/25

  Final assessment

  Large majority credit 'Nashville, Tennessee' as a stated location, even though it names where a body was recovered rather than an on-campus threat site; a minority felt it doesn't count since it isn't tied to any hazard.

  Where the threat is. Saying whether danger is in a specific building, a part of campus, or area-wide lets people judge their own proximity and choose a safe direction. Without a where, a warning is hard to act on precisely.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No specific location is given, only "Nashville, Tennessee" as where the body was found, not a threat location.
  2. absent: No location of any hazard is given.
  3. present: 'Nashville, Tennessee' given as location of recovery
  4. present: names Nashville, Tennessee where the body was found
  5. present: States body recovered in Nashville, Tennessee.
  6. present: 'recovered in Nashville, Tennessee'
  7. present: 'recovered in Nashville, Tennessee'
  8. absent: Nashville is mentioned but is off-campus and not tied to any hazard here.
  9. absent: No location of any threat given, only 'Nashville, Tennessee' as where body was found.
  10. present: 'Nashville, Tennessee' given as recovery location.
  11. present: Names Nashville, Tennessee as recovery location.
  12. absent: Only mentions Nashville generally, no campus location for an ongoing situation.
  13. present: 'recovered in Nashville, Tennessee' gives location.
  14. present: 'body was recovered in Nashville, Tennessee'.
  15. present: 'recovered in Nashville, Tennessee' gives a location.
  16. present: 'recovered in Nashville, Tennessee' given.
  17. present: 'Nashville, Tennessee' mentioned as recovery site.
  18. present: 'recovered in Nashville, Tennessee' given
  19. present: 'recovered in Nashville, Tennessee'
  20. present: States body recovered 'in Nashville, Tennessee'.
  21. present: 'recovered in Nashville, Tennessee' gives a location
  22. present: 'Nashville, Tennessee'
  23. present: 'recovered in Nashville, Tennessee'.
  24. present: 'Nashville, Tennessee' given as where body was recovered.
  25. absent: Nashville, Tennessee is mentioned but not as a campus threat location.
• Guidanceabsent2/25

  Final assessment

  Nearly all reads agree no protective action is instructed; only a couple treated the passing mention of counseling availability as guidance, but that isn't an actionable instruction.

  The protective action to take. A clear, specific instruction, such as shelter in place, evacuate, avoid the area, or run-hide-fight, drives faster and more correct protective behavior than describing the threat alone.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: Mentions counseling availability but gives no protective action instruction.
  2. absent: No protective action is instructed.
  3. absent: Only counseling resource mention, no protective action
  4. absent: no protective action instruction
  5. absent: No protective action instructed.
  6. present: Directs to MU Counseling Center and Employee Assistance Program
  7. present: Mentions counseling through MU Counseling Center
  8. absent: Only counseling resources are mentioned, no protective action.
  9. absent: Only mentions counseling availability, no protective instruction.
  10. absent: No protective action instructed.
  11. absent: No protective action instructed.
  12. absent: Only mentions counseling availability, not protective action.
  13. absent: No protective action instructed.
  14. absent: No protective action instructed, only counseling resources mentioned.
  15. absent: No protective action instructed.
  16. absent: No protective action instructed.
  17. absent: No protective action instructed.
  18. absent: No protective action instructed
  19. absent: no protective action instructed
  20. absent: No protective action, only counseling resource mention.
  21. absent: No protective action instructed
  22. absent: no protective action, only counseling offered
  23. absent: No protective action instructed.
  24. absent: No protective action instructed.
  25. absent: Only mentions counseling availability, no protective instruction.
• Timeabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous: no clock time or date is given anywhere in the message.

  When the message applies. A timestamp, the word now or immediately, or a phrase like until further notice tells the reader whether the danger is current and how quickly to act.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No specific time reference to any hazard event is given.
  2. absent: No clock time or date is given.
  3. absent: No specific date/time given
  4. absent: no specific time or date given
  5. absent: No specific date or time given.
  6. absent: No specific date/time given
  7. absent: No specific clock time or date given
  8. absent: No specific date or time is given.
  9. absent: No specific time given.
  10. absent: No specific date or time given.
  11. absent: No specific date or time given.
  12. absent: No specific date or time reference given.
  13. absent: No specific date or clock time given.
  14. absent: No specific time or date given.
  15. absent: No specific date or time given.
  16. absent: No specific date/time given.
  17. absent: No specific date or time given.
  18. absent: No specific date or time given
  19. absent: no specific date or time given
  20. absent: No specific date/time given.
  21. absent: No specific date or time given
  22. absent: no specific date/time given
  23. absent: No specific date/time given.
  24. absent: No specific clock time or date given.
  25. absent: No specific date or time given.
• Impactabsent0/25

  Final assessment

  Unanimous: there is no hazard, so no consequence or severity is conveyed; this is purely a grief communication.

  What the hazard could do to the people in its path. Beyond naming the threat, a complete warning conveys its potential consequences or severity, such as that a tornado can level buildings or that a leak could be explosive, so recipients grasp how much danger they are in. Research on warning message content finds that a concrete impact statement helps people personalize their risk and act sooner.

  See all 25 individual reads

  1. absent: No hazard consequence is described.
  2. absent: No hazard or consequence is described.
  3. absent: No hazard so no consequence
  4. absent: no hazard consequence stated, this is a grief message
  5. absent: No consequence of an ongoing hazard conveyed.
  6. absent: No active hazard to convey impact
  7. absent: No stated hazard consequence
  8. absent: No hazard consequence is conveyed.
  9. absent: No hazard stated, so no impact conveyed.
  10. absent: No hazard/consequence stated.
  11. absent: No hazard consequence stated, this is a mourning message.
  12. absent: No statement of hazard consequence; this is grief communication.
  13. absent: No stated hazard consequence, this is a mourning message.
  14. absent: No hazard consequence, this is a mourning message.
  15. absent: No hazard consequence conveyed.
  16. absent: No hazard/consequence conveyed.
  17. absent: No stated consequence or severity language.
  18. absent: No hazard impact described
  19. absent: no hazard consequence, this is a mourning message
  20. absent: No hazard consequence stated.
  21. absent: No hazard consequence, message is a mourning notice
  22. absent: no hazard consequence described
  23. absent: No hazard so no impact conveyed.
  24. absent: No stated consequence/severity, this is a mourning message.
  25. absent: No stated hazard or consequence to convey.